The akụrụngwa nke elu ịdị ọcha mkpanaka mkpanaka nwere nnukwu carbon ọdịnaya na obere urughuru size karịa nkịtị graphite mkpanaka, na urughuru size bụ n'ozuzu 20 nanometers ka 100 nanometers. Ọ na-ji elu ike, elu njupụta, elu ịdị ọcha, ezi urughuru size, elu chemical kwụsie ike, ok na edo Ọdịdị, elu okpomọkụ conductivity, ọzọ eyi-eguzogide ọgwụ karịa nkịtị graphite mkpanaka, onwe mmanu mmanu, mfe nhazi na na.